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| Texas Objections | |
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1. Pre-trial Motions I. Introduction §1:10 Scope of Chapter II. Motion in Limine §1:20 Purpose §1:30 Advantages and Disadvantages §1:40 Civil Cases §1:50 Criminal Cases §1:60 Procedure §1:70 Ruling on Motion §1:80 Violation of Order III. Striking Intervention §1:90 Procedure §1:100 Standard for Trial Court §1:110 Appellate Review IV. Striking New Parties §1:120 Procedure V. Continuance §1:130 Purpose §1:140 Motion for Recess Distinguished §1:150 Requirements §1:160 Timing of Motion §1:170 Agreed Motion §1:180 Insufficient Notice of Trial Setting §1:190 Additional Discovery Needed §1:200 Amended Pleadings §1:210 Continuance After Attorney’s Withdrawal §1:220 Legislative Continuances §1:230 Appellate Review VI. Bifurcation of Exemplary Damages §1:240 Right to Bifurcation §1:250 Review of Order VII. Separate Trials §1:260 When Separate Trials Permissible VIII. Severance §1:270 Purpose §1:280 When Proper §1:290 Objection §1:300 Criminal Trials §1:310 Timing §1:320 Appellate Review IX. Nonsuit §1:330 Effect §1:340 Claim for Affirmative Relief Precluding Nonsuit §1:350 Timing §1:360 Requirements §1:370 Review X. Exclusion or Suppression of Evidence §1:380 Procedure §1:390 Oral Confessions §1:400 Involuntary Statements §1:410 Brady Violation §1:420 Unduly Suggestive Identification Procedures 2. Trial Objections, Evidentiary Motions & Preserving Error on Evidentiary Rulings I. Introduction §2:10 Scope of Chapter §2:20 Applicable Rules §2:30 Types of Evidence §2:40 Presentation and Admissibility of Evidence §2:50 Preliminary Questions Regarding Admissibility II. Objections A. Principles §2:60 Purpose §2:70 Admission of Improper Evidence §2:80 Evidence Admissible in Part §2:90 Preserving Record for Appeal §2:100 Anticipate Changes in Law §2:110 Cumulative Error §2:120 Fundamental Error §2:130 Harmless Error in Civil Cases §2:140 Harmless Error in Criminal Cases §2:150 Invited Error §2:160 Bases for Objecting §2:170 When Not to Object B. Procedure 1. General Points §2:180 Pretrial Preparation §2:190 Objecting in Limine §2:200 Objecting at Trial §2:210 Object in Time §2:220 State Basis §2:230 Renew Objections §2:240 Bench Trials 2. Specific Types of Objections §2:250 Evidence Not Relevant to Pleadings §2:260 Improper Question or Comment §2:270 Questions by Court §2:280 Undisclosed Witnesses §2:290 Failure to Provide Requested Discovery §2:300 Evidence Outside Pretrial Order §2:310 Evidence Contrary to Admissions §2:320 Evidence at Variance with Pleadings §2:330 Request for Jury View §2:340 Deposition Excerpts §2:350 Documents §2:360 Opening or Closing Statement §2:370 Jury Charge §2:380 Continuing or Running Objections §2:390 Piggyback Objections 3. Actions After Objection §2:400 Taking Exception §2:410 Secure Ruling §2:420 Obtain Record §2:430 Objection Sustained Against You III. Bills of Exception and Offers of Proof A. Bills of Exception §2:440 In General §2:450 Bystander Bill B. Offers of Proof §2:460 Definition and Purpose §2:470 Right to Make Offer §2:480 Timing §2:490 Types of Offers §2:500 Multiple Parties §2:510 Limited Offer §2:520 Court’s Ruling §2:530 Steps for Preserving Error for Exclusion of Evidence §2:540 Procedure §2:550 Opposing Offer IV. Motion for Leave to File Trial Amendment §2:560 In General §2:570 Trial by Consent V. Motions to Strike §2:580 Definition and Purpose §2:590 When to Move to Strike VI. Curative and Limiting Instructions §2:600 Definition and Purpose §2:610 Sample Curative Instructions §2:620 Limiting Instructions VII. Motions for Mistrial §2:630 Definition and Purpose §2:640 When to Move §2:650 Review 3. Jury Selection I. Principles A. In General §3:10 Purpose §3:20 Right to Jury Trial §3:30 Order of Proceedings §3:40 Jury Pool and Panel §3:50 Jury Shuffle §3:60 Number of Jurors; Selection of Alternates §3:70 Jury Questionnaires §3:80 Swearing and Admonishment of Selected Jurors B. Juror Qualifications 1. In General §3:90 Requirements for Jury Service §3:100 Exemptions §3:110 Disqualifications in Particular Case 2. Bias §3:120 Grounds §3:130 Determination §3:140 Civil Case Examples §3:150 Criminal Cases §3:160 No Rehabilitation C. Voir Dire 1. General Rules §3:170 Governing Law and Principles §3:180 Procedure §3:190 Individual Voir Dire §3:200 Supplementary Voir Dire §3:210 Court-Imposed Restrictions §3:220 Time Limits §3:230 Judicial Voir Dire §3:240 Panelist Misconduct 2. Examination of Panel §3:250 Civil Cases §3:260 Criminal Cases §3:270 Impermissible Topics 3. Preserving Error §3:280 Recording Voir Dire §3:290 Attorney Comments and Questions §3:300 Comments by Jurors §3:310 Refusal to Permit Some Questions §3:320 Jurors Not Struck for Cause §3:330 Time Limits §3:340 Batson Challenges D. Excusing Jurors §3:350 During Voir Dire §3:360 After Trial Commences E. Challenges §3:370 Overview §3:380 To Pool §3:390 For Cause §3:400 Peremptory II. Objections A. During Voir Dire §3:410 Arguing Case §3:420 Legal Matters §3:430 Repetitiveness §3:440 Seeking Commitment from Jury §3:450 Indoctrinating Jury Through Hypotheticals §3:460 Seeking Comments on Law or Evidence without Adequately Explaining Law §3:470 Juror Cannot Be Witness §3:480 Misstating Presumption of Innocence §3:490 Vague §3:500 Fishing Expedition B. Challenges §3:510 Improperly Excusing Juror for Cause §3:520 Discriminatory Use of Peremptory Challenges 4. Opening Statement I. Principles §4:10 Purpose §4:20 Right to Make Statement §4:30 Who Opens First §4:40 Recording Opening §4:50 Avoiding Objections §4:60 Objecting to Opponent’s Opening §4:70 Using Demonstrative Evidence II. Objections §4:80 Detailing Evidence §4:90 Arguing Case §4:100 Erroneous Matter §4:110 Personal Attacks; Injection of Self; Inflammatory Statements §4:120 Financial or Personal Circumstances §4:130 Insurance Coverage §4:140 Settlement Negotiations §4:150 Repairs §4:160 Offers to Pay Medical Bills §4:170 Inadmissible Pleas, Plea Discussions and Related Statements 5. Witness Competence I. Principles A. General Points §5:10 Definition and Presumption §5:20 Trial Court Determination §5:30 Child Witnesses §5:40 Incompetence as Matter of Law §5:50 Drugs, Alcohol, & Post-Hypnotic Testimony §5:60 Relevancy Distinguished §5:70 Impeachment Distinguished §5:80 Privilege Distinguished §5:90 Physical and Mental Impairment Distinguished §5:100 Inability to Speak English Language B. Procedure §5:110 Raising and Determining Competency §5:120 Hearing §5:130 Effect of Competency Determination II. Objections §5:140 Witness Did Not Take Oath or Affirmation §5:150 Witness Lacks Personal Knowledge §5:160 Child Is Incompetent to Testify §5:170 Insane Person Is Incompetent §5:180 Dead Man’s Rule Precludes Testimony §5:190 Judge Is Incompetent as Witness 6. Witness Examination I. Principles §6:10 Control by Court §6:20 General Behavior §6:30 Objections §6:40 Direct Examination §6:50 Cross Examination §6:60 Redirect and Recross §6:70 Impeachment and Rehabilitation §6:80 Judicial Examination of Witnesses §6:90 Juror Questions to Witnesses §6:100 Excluding Witnesses From Trial (Placing Witnesses Under the Rule) II. Objections A. Objections to Examination 1. Generally §6:110 Argumentative §6:120 Asked and Answered §6:130 Assumes Facts Not In Evidence §6:140 Leading §6:150 Narrative Response 2. Improper Impeachment §6:160 Character for Truthfulness §6:170 Conviction of Crime §6:180 Prior Inconsistent Statement §6:190 Bias or Interest B. Objections to Response or Anticipated Response §6:200 Nonresponsive 7. Relevance I. Principles §7:10 Relevant Evidence Admissible §7:20 Definitions §7:30 Determination of Relevance §7:40 Trial Court Discretion §7:50 Evidence Admissible for Limited Purposes II. Objection §7:60 Evidence Is Not Relevant 8. Confusing, Prejudicial & Bolstering I. General Principles §8:10 Overview II. Objections §8:20 Unfair Prejudice §8:30 Confusion and Misleading §8:40 Undue Delay and Needless Presentation of Cumulative Evidence §8:50 Self Serving §8:60 Bolstering §8:70 Ambiguous, Confusing, Compound or Unintelligible Question 9. Character, Habit & Extraneous Offenses I. Principles §9:10 Definition and Rule §9:20 Exceptions to Prohibition of Character Evidence §9:30 Habit Evidence §9:40 Extraneous Offenses Generally Inadmissible §9:50 Exceptions to Prohibition of Extraneous Offenses §9:60 Background Evidence II. Objections §9:70 Inadmissible Character Evidence §9:80 Inadmissible Evidence of Habit §9:90 Inadmissible Evidence of Extraneous Offenses 10. Hearsay I. Principles A. Hearsay Rule §10:10 Definition, Rule and Purpose §10:20 Effect of Hearsay Admitted Without Objection §10:30 Rule of Optional Completeness §10:40 Foundations and Predicates for Hearsay B. Types of Hearsay §10:50 “Statement” §10:60 Indirect Hearsay §10:70 Relevance §10:80 Statements by Machines and Animals Not Hearsay C. Non-Hearsay §10:90 Overview §10:100 Silence §10:110 Verbal Act or Operative Fact Rule §10:120 Impeachment §10:130 Verbal Part of Act §10:140 Circumstantial Evidence of State of Mind §10:150 Circumstantial Evidence of Memory or Belief §10:160 Effect on Listener §10:170 Statement Offered for Limited Purpose §10:180 Statutory Exemptions for Hearsay Rule D. Exceptions §10:190 Overview §10:200 Witness Availability Irrelevant §10:210 Witness Unavailability Required §10:220 No Wild Card Exception §10:230 Confrontation Clause Limitation E. Other Ways to Overcome Hearsay Objections §10:240 Experts §10:250 Cost and Necessity Of Services F. Attacking and Supporting Credibility of Declarant - TRE 806 §10:260 In General II. Objections A. General Objections §10:270 Hearsay §10:280 Hearsay Within Hearsay B. Statements Not Hearsay §10:290 Prior Inconsistent Statements §10:300 Prior Consistent Statements §10:310 Prior Statement of Identification §10:320 Statements Under Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 38.071 §10:330 Admissions §10:340 Depositions §10:350 Minor’s Statement in Delinquency Hearing C. Hearsay Exceptions 1. Declarant Availability Irrelevant §10:360 Present Sense Impression §10:370 Excited Utterance or Spontaneous Declaration §10:380 State of Mind §10:390 Statement for Medical Diagnosis or Treatment §10:400 Past Recollection Recorded §10:410 Business Records §10:420 Absence of Business Records §10:430 Public Documents §10:440 Absence of Public Documents §10:450 Market Reports §10:460 Learned Treatises §10:470 Previous Convictions §10:480 Statements Against Interest §10:490 Miscellaneous Exceptions 2. Declarant Must Be Unavailable §10:500 Former Testimony §10:510 Dying Declaration §10:520 Statement of Personal or Family History 3. Declarant Must Be Available §10:530 Outcry Statement 11. Privileges I. Principles §11:10 Definition and Purpose §11:20 Asserting Privilege §11:30 Offensive Use of Privilege §11:40 Waiver §11:50 Absolute and Qualified Privilege §11:60 Statements in the Course of Judicial Proceedings II. Objections A. Constitutional Privileges §11:70 Self-Incrimination §11:80 Exercise of Religion §11:90 Reporter’s Privilege §11:100 Membership and Donor Lists B. Statutory Privileges 1. Medical §11:110 Chiropractor-Patient §11:120 Convalescent and Nursing Homes and Intermediate Care Facilities for Mentally Retarded §11:130 Emergency Medical Services §11:140 Medical Committees §11:150 Medical Peer Review §11:160 Nursing Peer Review C. Rules of Evidence Privileges §11:170 Required Reports Privileged by Statute [TRE 502] §11:180 Lawyer-Client Privilege [TRE 503] §11:190 Marital Privileges [TRE 504] §11:200 Communications to Members of the Clergy [TRE 505] §11:210 Political Vote [TRE 506] §11:220 Trade Secrets [TRE 507] §11:230 Identity of Informer [TRE 508] §11:240 Physician-Patient Privilege [TRE 509] §11:250 Confidentiality of Mental Health Information in Civil Cases [TRE 510] D. Other Privileges §11:260 Attorney Work Product 12. Real Evidence I. Principles §12:10 Definition §12:20 Demonstrative Evidence Distinguished §12:30 Judicial Perspective §12:40 Impact on Jury §12:50 Inspection by Jury §12:60 Use in Opening Statement §12:70 Foundation Requirements §12:80 Replica of Real Evidence II. Objections §12:90 Lack of Foundation §12:100 Exhibition of Person to Show Injury or Body Condition Improper §12:110 Viewing Premises or Scene of Incident Improper 13. Photographs, Recordings & X-Rays §13:10 Photograph §13:20 Videotape or Motion Picture §13:30 Sound Recordings §13:40 X-Ray and Other Medical Diagnostic Imaging Tests 14. Documents I. Principles §14:10 Rules and Admissibility II. Objections §14:20 Document Not Properly Authenticated §14:30 Best Evidence Rule §14:40 Summaries §14:50 Foreign Language Documents §14:60 Public Documents and Records 15. Demonstrative Evidence I. Principles §15:10 Definition and Purpose §15:20 Trial Court Discretion §15:30 Introducing Demonstrative Evidence §15:40 Proponent’s Considerations §15:50 Opponent’s Considerations §15:60 Use in Opening Statement §15:70 Use in Closing Argument II. Objections §15:80 Charts, Diagrams, Graphs, or Maps §15:90 Models §15:100 Demonstrations, Simulations, Recreations, or Experiments 16. Expert Witnesses I. Principles A. In General §16:10 Definitions §16:20 Gates to Admissibility §16:30 Lay Opinion Testimony Distinguished §16:40 Demonstrating Admissibility §16:50 Review §16:60 Helpfulness §16:70 Qualification §16:80 Relevancy and Fit §16:90 Methodological Reliability §16:100 Application or Connective Reliability §16:110 Foundational Reliability §16:120 Reliance on Inadmissible Evidence §16:130 TRE 403 §16:140 Testimony Based on Experience §16:150 Weight Accorded Expert Testimony §16:160 Subjects of Expert Testimony §16:170 Courtroom Tests B. Procedure §16:180 Disclosure Requirements §16:190 Compelling Expert Testimony §16:200 Objecting to Expert Testimony §16:210 Examining Expert Witness at Trial §16:220 Requesting Continuance If Court Strikes Testimony §16:230 Request for Appointment of Defense Expert II. Objections §16:240 Inappropriate Hypothetical Question §16:250 Opinion Testimony on Law §16:260 Lack of Helpfulness §16:270 Lack of Qualifications §16:280 Not Relevant §16:290 Lack of Reliability in Methodology §16:300 Lack of Reliability in Underlying Data and Assumptions §16:310 Lack of Reliability in Reasoning Process §16:320 Improper Reliance on Inadmissible Evidence §16:330 Unfairly Prejudicial §16:340 Ultimate Issue §16:350 Identification Evidence §16:360 Expert Testimony on Standard of Care §16:370 Expert Testimony on Medical Causation 17. Parol Evidence §17:10 Evidence Violates Parol Evidence Rule 18. Use of Discovery at Trial I. Principles A. In General §18:10 Purpose §18:20 Effect of Failure to Respond §18:30 Objections to Written Discovery §18:40 Effect of Failure to Object §18:50 Duty to Amend or Supplement §18:60 Modification of Discovery Procedures B. Depositions §18:70 In General §18:80 Oral Depositions §18:90 Written Depositions §18:100 Uses §18:110 Attorney and Witness Conduct §18:120 Examination and Signature §18:130 Objections §18:140 Depositions as Hearsay §18:150 Offering Deposition at Trial §18:160 Impeachment by Deposition Testimony C. Interrogatories §18:170 Uses Generally §18:180 Uses at Trial §18:190 Response by Reference to Documents D. Requests for Production §18:200 Procedure Generally §18:210 Electronic or Magnetic Data §18:220 Effect of Production §18:230 Failure to Respond §18:240 Late Supplementation E. Requests for Disclosure §18:250 What May Be Requested; Uses §18:260 Time Requirements §18:270 Amended and Supplemental Responses §18:280 Late Response §18:290 Records §18:300 Objections §18:310 Failure to Respond F. Requests for Admissions §18:320 Generally §18:330 Benefits §18:340 Uses §18:350 Procedure §18:360 Failure to Respond §18:370 Effect of Admission §18:380 Withdrawal or Amendment §18:390 Motion to Determine Sufficiency of Response or Objection §18:400 Objections II. Objections §18:410 Depositions §18:420 Interrogatories §18:430 Requests for Production §18:440 Requests for Disclosure §18:450 Requests for Admissions 19. Special Exclusions & Limits §19:10 Subsequent Remedial Measures §19:20 Settlement Offers §19:30 Payment of Medical and Similar Expenses §19:40 Pleas in Criminal Cases §19:50 Arrest Records §19:60 Liability Insurance §19:70 Statements Made During Mediation §19:80 Availability of Collateral Recovery §19:90 Evidence of Net Worth §19:100 Remarriage in Wrongful Death Case §19:110 Tax Consequences of Award §19:120 Prior Accidents Involving Location or Product §19:130 Plaintiff’s Prior Claims §19:140 Defendant’s Expressions of Sympathy §19:150 Illegally Obtained Evidence §19:160 Spoliation of Evidence 20. Alternatives to Proof I. Principles A. Judicial Notice §20:10 Definition, Purpose and Use §20:20 Facts Subject to Judicial Notice §20:30 Adjudicative Facts §20:40 Law of Other States §20:50 Law of Cities and Counties, Content of Texas Register and Agency Rules §20:60 Procedure §20:70 Appellate Review B. Presumptions & Inferences §20:80 Definition and Use of Presumptions §20:90 Common Presumptions §20:100 Rebuttable and Irrebuttable Presumptions §20:110 Inferences C. Judicial Admissions §20:120 Definition and Effect §20:130 Enforceability §20:140 Quasi Admission D. Stipulations §20:150 Definition §20:160 Effect §20:170 Enforceability §20:180 Withdrawal or Modification II. Objections §20:190 Improper Judicial Notice §20:200 Improper Presumption §20:210 Testimony Inconsistent With Admission §20:220 Testimony Inconsistent With Stipulation 21. Judicial Conduct I. Principles §21:10 Governing Law §21:20 Discretion to Regulate Trial §21:30 Power to Ensure Decorum §21:40 Regulation of Courtroom Attire §21:50 Performance of Duties Without Bias or Prejudice §21:60 Objections to Judicial Conduct II. Objections §21:70 Improper Conduct During Jury Selection §21:80 Improper Comment on Evidence §21:90 Harassing or Embarrassing Counsel or Demonstrating Bias or Prejudice toward Counsel §21:100 Improperly Examining Witness 22. Final Argument I. Principles §22:10 Definition and Purpose §22:20 Order of Closing Argument §22:30 Supplemental Argument §22:40 Time Limits §22:50 Scope §22:60 Procedure for Objecting During Closing §22:70 Preserving Error §22:80 Invited Error II. Objections §22:90 Failure to Fully Open §22:100 Matters Not in Evidence §22:110 Demonstrative Materials Not in Evidence §22:120 Commenting on Defendant’s Failure to Testify in Criminal Case §22:130 Commenting on Failure to Call Equally Available Witness §22:140 Commenting on Invocation of Right to Counsel §22:150 Injecting Self or Personal Belief; Vouching for Witness’ Credibility §22:160 Improper Sidebar Comments §22:170 Improper Plea to Passion or Sympathy §22:180 Reading or Arguing Law §22:190 Personal Attacks §22:200 Racial, Political, or Religious Comments §22:210 Use of Criminal Case Analogy in Civil Cases §22:220 Wealth, Poverty, Self-interest §22:230 Golden Rule §22:240 Commenting on Opposing Counsel’s Objections §22:250 Insurance §22:260 Collateral Sources §22:270 Settlement §22:280 Unit of Time as Measure of Damages (Per Diem Argument) §22:290 Effect of Jurors’ Answers to Special Issues §22:300 Willingness to Submit to Independent Medical Examination §22:310 Using Juror’s Name §22:320 Claiming Special Status as Government Lawyer §22:330 Pleas to Community Expectations 23. Charge to Jury I. Principles §23:10 Submission of Charge §23:20 Charge Cannot Advise Jury of Effect of Answers §23:30 Requests for Inclusion §23:40 Not All Pattern Charges Adopted §23:50 Broad-Form Submission Preferred §23:60 Proper Instructions §23:70 Damages Questions §23:80 Questions Must Be Raised by the Pleadings §23:90 Supplemental Instructions §23:100 Objections to Charge §23:110 Appellate Review of Charge §23:120 Jury Deliberation and Conduct II. Objections §23:130 Instructions, Definitions and Questions §23:140 Improper Communications With Jury or Improper Material in Jury Room §23:150 Jury Questions, Supplemental Instruction, Read-Back Requests 24. Motion for Directed or Instructed Verdict I. In General §24:10 Scope of Chapter §24:20 Definitions; Terminology §24:30 Motion Must State Specific Grounds §24:40 Who Can Make Motion; When §24:50 Necessity of Motion §24:60 Motion on Court’s Own Initiative §24:70 Partial Directed Verdict §24:80 Formal Writing Not Required §24:90 Time for Motion or Ruling by Court §24:100 Failure to Re-Urge Motion §24:110 Response §24:120 Appeal §24:130 Criminal Cases II. Grounds §24:140 Claim or Defense Established as Matter of Law §24:150 Defect in Pleadings §24:160 Scintilla of Evidence §24:170 Failure to Meet Burden of Proof Table of Statutes Table of Cases Index |
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